Herbert Spencer and à priori Axioms

Reevaluating progressive eugenics: Herbert Spencer Jennings and the 1924 immigration legislation.

From 'circumstances' to 'environment': Herbert Spencer and the origins of the idea of organism-environment interaction.

The word 'environment' has a history. Before the mid-nineteenth century, the idea of a singular, abstract entity--the organism--interacting with another singular, abstract entity--the environment--was virtually unknown. In this paper I trace how the idea of a plurality of external conditions or circumstances was replaced by the idea of a singular environment. The central figure behind this shif...

Relativizing the relativized a priori: Reichenbach's axioms of coordination divided

In recent years, Reichenbach’s 1920 conception of the principles of coordination has attracted increased attention after Michael Friedman’s attempt to revive Reichenbach’s idea of a “relativized a priori”. This paper follows the origin and development of this idea in the framework of Reichenbach’s distinction between the axioms of coordination and the axioms of connection. It suggests a further...

BASE AXIOMS AND SUBBASE AXIOMS IN M-FUZZIFYING CONVEX SPACES

Based on a completely distributive lattice $M$, base axioms and subbase axioms are introduced in $M$-fuzzifying convex spaces. It is shown that a mapping $mathscr{B}$ (resp. $varphi$) with the base axioms (resp. subbase axioms) can induce a unique $M$-fuzzifying convex structure with  $mathscr{B}$ (resp. $varphi$) as its base (resp. subbase). As applications, it is proved that bases and subbase...

2 Spencer Bloch And

Let X be a smooth, projective algebraic variety over an algebraically closed field k, and let H(X) denote a Weil cohomology theory. The existence of algebraic cycles on X×X inducing as correspondences the various Künneth projectors π : H(X) → H (X) is one of the standard conjectures of Grothendieck, [8], [9]. It is known in general only for the cases i = 0, 1, 2d − 1, 2d where d = dimX. The pur...